Čes. stomatol. Prakt. zub. lék. (Czech Dental Journal) 2026; 126(2): 31-39

THE IMPACT OF AMELOGENESIS IMPERFECTA ON DENTAL HYGIENE AND PSYCHOSOCIAL WELL-BEING: PILOT STUDY

Vařejčko D.^{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}, Valachová K.^{1, 2, 3}, Vašáková J.^{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}, Urbanová W.^{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}, Borovec J.^{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}, Poláčková P. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

¹ Stomatologická klinika, 3. lékařská fakulta, Univerzita Karlova, Praha

² Stomatologická klinika, Fakultní nemocnice Královské Vinohrady, Praha

³ Rozštěpové centrum Praha při Fakultní nemocnici Královské Vinohrady

⁴ Stomatologická klinika, Lékařská fakulta v Plzni, Univerzita Karlova

⁵ Stomatologická klinika, Fakultní nemocnice Plzeň

Introduction and aim: Amelogenesis imperfekta (AI) is a genetic disorder of enamel development that negatively affects the structure and appearance of teeth. The irregular surfaces of affected teeth act as plaque-retentive sites and may adversely impact periodontal health. The well-being of patients with AI is often compromised due to dental hypersensitivity and aesthetic deficits, particularly in the visible regions of the dentition. The aim of this pilot study was to evaluate the impact of AI on periodontal health, oral hygiene status, dental hypersensitivity, and patients’ quality of life.

Methods: The pilot study included 20 patients (10 with AI, 10 without dental impairment), matched for age and gender. Periodontal health and oral hygiene were assessed using the Papilla Bleeding Index (PBI) and the Quigley-Hein Index (QHI). Quality of life and dental hypersensitivity were evaluated using a PROM questionnaire. Statistical analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney U test with a significance level at 5% (p < 0.05).

Results: Patients with AI showed a significantly higher PBI (p = 0.02) and lower oral health-related quality of life according to the PROM questionnaire (p = 0.004). Dental hypersensitivity was markedly higher in AI patients (p = 0.005). Descriptive statistics indicated poorer oral hygiene levels in AI patients; however, the difference in QHI did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.14).

Conclusion: The study confirmed that AI negatively affects oral hygiene status and increases dental hypersensitivity, which in turn results in poorer quality of life. Although the difference in QHI between groups was not statistically significant, regular professional oral hygiene and psychosocial support remain essential. The findings highlight the need for comprehensive care in patients with AI.

Keywords: amelogenesis imperfecta, dental enamel, gingivitis, dental plaque, dental hypersensitivity, OHRQoL

Received: October 20, 2025; Revised: January 11, 2026; Accepted: January 25, 2026; Prepublished online: May 26, 2026; Published: June 9, 2026  Show citation