Čes. stomatol. Prakt. zub. lék. (Czech Dental Journal) 2024; 124(3): 59-68 | DOI: 10.51479/cspzl.2024.003

PROLIFERATIVE VERRUCOUS LEUKOPLAKIA: RETROSPECTIVE STUDY

Molnárová N.^{1, 2}, Liška J.^{1, 2}, Lišková V.^{1, 2}

¹ Stomatologická klinika, Fakultní nemocnice Plzeň

² Stomatologická klinika, Lékařská fakulta v Plzni, Univerzita Karlova

Introduction and aim: Retrospective study focused on clinically and biopsy-proven cases of proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (PVL). The aim of the work is to point out the necessity of correlation of oral manifestations of PVL with clinical and radiological examination of the periodontium.

Methods: The study evaluated the process of PVL disease in 53 patients followed between 1994 and 2024 at the Oral Medicine Department, Dentistry Clinic, University hospital in Pilsen. Apart from anamnestic-pathological correlations, also the aspects of coincidence with other lesions of the oral mucosa, the formation of dysplasia during this aggressive disease and the frequency of malignant transformation were assessed. The mucosal manifestation of the disease was regularly compared to the clinical and radiological state of the periodontium.

Results: During dispensary, recurrence occurred in 56% of cases (n = 30/53) and transformation into oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in 38% of patients (n = 20/53). Oncological recurrence was in five cases (9%). The majority of patients with malignant transformation were women with 70% (n = 14/20).

Conclusion: In contrary to other diseases of the oral mucosa, taking OPG or CBCT images is diagnostically more beneficial within the PVL dispensary. In several patients with lesions in the area of the alveolar mucosa and gingiva, there is significant resorption of the alveolar bone in the corresponding locations in the case of an ongoing malignant transformation. Malignant transformation of PVL is indeed high, up to 38% in our group. Due to the risk of diagnostic confusion of oral lichen planus and chronic hyperplastic candidiasis with incipient PVL, it is necessary to tighten the dispensary rules for these cases as well.

Keywords: proliferative verrucous leukoplakia, oral potentially malignant disorders, malignant transformation, oral squamous cell carcinoma

Received: July 3, 2024; Revised: August 20, 2024; Accepted: August 20, 2024; Prepublished online: September 17, 2024; Published: September 30, 2024  Show citation