Čes. stomatol. Prakt. zub. lék. (Czech Dental Journal) 2026; 126(1): 17-26 | DOI: 10.51479/cspzl.2025.010

SUPERNUMERARY TEETH – PREVALENCE, AETIOLOGY, CLASSIFICATION, DIAGNOSIS, THERAPY, AND COMPLICATIONS

Tichá K.^{1, 2}, Kamínková P.^{1, 2}, Kovalčík A.^{1, 2}, Miklasová M.^{1, 2}, Ptáčková L.^{1, 2}

¹ Klinika zubního lékařství, Lékařská fakulta Univerzity Palackého v Olomouci

² Klinika zubního lékařství, Fakultní nemocnice Olomouc

Introduction and aim: The presence of an additional tooth or odontogenic structure in the primary or permanent dentition is a dental anomaly, known as a supernumerary tooth or hyperdontia. This literature review aims to summarise the available information regarding the aetiology, prevalence, classification, complications, diagnosis, and treatment of supernumerary teeth.

Methods: For the purposes of this publication, 125 articles were reviewed; 56 were included and 69 were excluded. The information for this review was obtained from databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, Medvik, and ResearchGate, in Czech, English, and German.

Results: Hyperdontia is most likely caused by hyperactivity of the dental lamina due to the influence of both environmental and hereditary factors. According to available sources, the prevalence of hyperdontia in the primary dentition varies between 0.3% and 0.8%, and in the permanent dentition between 0.1% and 3.8%. A management plan, based on diagnosis and interdisciplinary cooperation, should include treatment.

Conclusion: Supernumerary teeth can lead to various complications, but early diagnosis and appropriate treatment can help to prevent or reduce these issues. Therefore, it is crucial to raise awareness of this condition among dental professionals.

Keywords: supernumerary teeth, hyperdontia, hyperactivity of the dental lamina

Received: June 6, 2025; Revised: September 10, 2025; Accepted: September 17, 2025; Prepublished online: February 24, 2026; Published: March 9, 2026  Show citation